№2, 2012 (June)

Improving the expertise of health and the relationship of radiation effects with diseases. 

The article describes brief information about the main contingents, which health status is examined; connection with radiation influence is established. Rules of improvement of primary documentation and form of the expert opinion of council are formulated. Points to the continuing difficulties and possible measures to overcome them are indicated. 

Expertise, long-term period, level of doses, the dynamics of their formation, completeness of information.

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Annotation:

Objective: The objective is to assess the intake of radionuclides of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs by inhabitants of the surveillance zone of enterprise Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Production Association "Mayak" in agricultural production of Ozersk municipal district (OMD).

Material and methods: The data of radiation monitoring of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in milk and potatoes of the three settlements located in 15 km from the enterprise for the period from 2000 to 2009 were performed; description of the methods of definition of these radionuclides and characteristics of the measuring instruments were given.

Results: The analysis of dynamics of specific activity of radionuclides in agricultural products was done (milk, potatoes, and an assessment of the annual intake of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs and internal exposure doses due to this factor).

Conclusions: The analysis of long-term monitoring data of radionuclides in food products consumed by population of Ozersk municipal district shows that in recent decade (2000 – 2009) the numerical values of the specific ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs activity in milk and the potatoes are an order of magnitude or more below the reference levels and two to three orders of magnitude below regulated SanPiN, but for the entire observation period there was a reduction in 10-100 times.

The annual intake of radionuclides with milk and potatoes in OMD in 2009 was the following: ⁹⁰Sr - 1-2%, ¹³⁷Cs - 0,3-0,4 % from the limit of annual intake (LAI) according to Radiation safety standards-99/2009. Maximum doses of internal exposure to the critical groups of OMD population from the exposure of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs with milk and potatoes was not exceeded 0,025 mSv per year (Novogorny settlement).

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Objective: The objective is to demonstrate work experience of the Regional Department №118 of FMBA of Russia in sanitary and hygienic certification of carcinogenic enterprises according to chemical factors.

Material and methods: As the source of material that was used, the data was presented in six sanitary and hygienic certificates of carcinogenic organizations in Polyarniye Zory. Requirements of SanPiN 1.2. 2353-08 “Carcinogenic factors and basic requirements for the prevention of carcinogenic hazard” and methodological guidelines 2.2.9.2493-09 “Sanitary-hygienic certification of carcinogenic organizations and the data bases formation” were used as normative and methodical base.

Results: The number of staff, including women, who have occupational contact with carcinogens at workplace, was indicated. Recommendations on reduction of carcinogenic rate of enterprises were given. The main difficulties, arose during sanitary and hygienic certification of carcinogenic organizations, were revealed.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that the work in sanitary and hygienic certification of carcinogenic organizations should be continued with strict criteria for classification of the whole enterprise or its structural subdivision to the category of carcinogenic.

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Objective: The objective is to characterize the immunity and health among veterans of special risk subdivisions in remote period after radiation accidents on nuclear submarines (NS).

Materials and methods: The analysis of incidence of various diseases among veterans of nuclear submarines, who are examined in the scientific and therapeutic center for veterans of special risk subdivisions, will be performed by taking into account all diagnoses.

Profound clinical examination of veterans of nuclear submarines will be hold using psychophysiological, EEG, ECG methods, immunological examination of veterans of nuclear submarines identifying the status of nonspecific protection, humoral u cellular immunity, autoimmune changes.

Results: In the remote period after radiation accidents there is increased morbidity of veterans of nuclear submarines associated with radiation exposure (thyroid pathology, cataracts), chronic stress and more severe forms of the diseases of nervous, cardiovascular and other systems.

Conclusion: There are increased morbidity and more severe forms of the diseases among veterans of nuclear submarines in the remote period after radiation accidents.

Long-term health disorders were associated with radiation exposure and stress. Among veterans of nuclear submarines immunological changes play important role in the pathogenesis of diseases.

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Objective: The objective is to study the current state of the blood service in Russia.

Material and method: The materials were presented by official information of statistics (form №39) from institutions of blood service, subordinated to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. For generalization and analysis of available information the computer program developed at the Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology will be used.

Results: It was established that in 2009 the preparation of blood and its components was made in 146 stations and blood centers, 482 departments of blood transfusion, 100 hospitals. The donors before donation according to national standards have passed the examination, which included the determination of the level of hemoglobin, blood group, rhesus-factor, antibodies for hepatitis B and C, syphilis and HIV tests and alanine aminotransferase tests. The number of donors in 2009 reached 1 908 350 people, including the number of donors without compensation was 1 738 977, the number of primary donors was 719 940. In a disposable plastic containers were prepared 1 957 401, 8 liters of whole blood. Erythrocyte containing environment, plasma native and frozen, albumin, immunoglobulins, cryoprecipitate were prepared. However, the need for blood is virtually constant. New technological methods are developed. The aim is to provide safe blood transfusions with the help of the following measures: quarantine for plasma, leucocytes’ filtration, viral inactivation.

Conclusions: Comparison with those data of 2002 and 2008 showed increase in 2009 the number of donors and the volume of blood. According to the National programme of the development of blood service it is expected further improvement of work of institutions. It is important to prevent post - transfusion complications and improve safety of blood transfusion.

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Objective: The objectives are to determine the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (GHZ) in the development of thromboembolic complications and to detect association of GHZ with other hereditary and acquired risk factors for blood clots.

Materials and methods: 447 patients with venous thrombosis (VT) in anamnesis were examined and 260 people in the control group. Homocysteine level (GL) was determined by the liquid chromatography method on the column under high pressure.
The polymerase chain reaction was used for the following tests: molecular genetic testing factors I, II, V, XII of blood coagulation, tissue activator of plasminogen - t-RA, inhibitor of plasminogen activator type I - PAI - 1, the glycoproteins Ia, Iba, IIIa, platelet ADP receptor - P2Y12, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), apolipoprotein E - ApoE, endothelial synthase of nitric oxide- eNOS, angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor type first.

Results and conclusions: It is shown that hyperhomocysteinemia is a frequent and independent risk factor for development and recurrence of venous thrombosis. Excessive level of HZ in plasma is able to increase the influence of other prothrombotic factors on the risk of thrombosis. The relative risk of VT combination with GHZ and V Leiden factor mutation is significantly exceeds the indicators for isolated carriage of these risk factors and demonstrates synergistic effect in the induction of BT. In patients with GHZ there are more significantly marked genotypes I/I in the gene t-RA (45% vs. 25%, p = 0,04), C/C in the gene eNOS (18% compared with 9,5%, p = 0,04) and T/T in the gene MTHFR (20,8 % vs. 6%, p= 0,01). In patients with GHZ there is a trend towards a higher incidence of carriage of genotype 4G/4G in the gene PAI-1 (42% vs. 30%, p= 0,07) and D/D in the gene ACE (30% vs. 20,6%, p = 0,08). GHZ is effectively eliminated with folic acid in therapeutic doses. The level of homocysteine should be always examined in patients with thromboembolic complications.

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Homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, venous thrombosis and thrombophilia.

Nonspecific protective factors and humoral immunity in patients with multiple myeloma.

Year: 2012 (June) Number: №2 Pages: 93-98

Heading: The results of research works in the field of studying the influence on the humans especially dangerous and harmful production factors.

Article type: Scientific article.

Authors: J.V. Chubukina, L.N. Bubnova, C.C. Bessmeltsev, G.V. Glazanova, O.E. Rozanova, I.E. Pavlova. 

Organization: Federal State Institution Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology FMBA of Russia, Saint-Petersburg.

Annotation:

A complex clinical and anamnestic analysis of 1005 cases of whooping cough among children from 1 month to 16 years, who received treatment in hospital and attended the outpatient department of the Research Institute of children's infections (Saint - Petersburg) in the period 2001-2004 was performed. The main feature of whooping cough was confirmed. Children who were vaccinated are also involved in the epidemic process (46,7%), mainly children of older age groups with no or low postvaccinal immunity. Criteria of prediction of the nature and severity of the whooping cough in vaccinated and unvaccinated children are scientifically proved; these criteria are based on a comprehensive assessment of colonization activity of the pathogen, anti-infective drug resistance, morphofunctional state of oropharyngeal mucosa and the level of IgA.

Objective: The objective is to identify etiopathogenetic features of treatment of whooping cough in children based on the assessment of the morphofunctional state and anti- infective drug resistance mucous nasopharynx.

Material and methods: 1005 whooping cough patients aged l-month to 16 years were examined. Materials for the study were laryngo-pharyngeal and biopsy specimens from the back of the throat and blood serum.
The following methods were used: bacterioscopy (staining of smears according to Gram and Romanovsky-Giemsa), indirect immunofluorescence reaction, evaluation of electrokinetic activity of nuclei of epithelial cells (ELA), the agglutination reaction.

Results: The main reasons of whooping cough in vaccinated children were established. Criteria of the forecast and severity of the treatment of whooping cough in "grafted in history" and unvaccinated children scientifically justified. This was based on a comprehensive assessment of colonization activity of the pathogen, anti-infective drug resistance, morphofunctional state of oropharyngeal mucosa and the level of IgA.

Conclusions: The assessment algorithm of morphofunctional state and anti-infective resistance of mucous nasopharynx was developed. This allows to predict the nature, severity and duration of infection process in whooping cough.

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